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	<title>Venezuela Cooperativa</title>
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		<title>On the 50th anniversary in 1995 the prize went to anti-nuclear campaigner Joseph Rotblat and his Pugwash group</title>
		<link>http://www.venezuelacooperativa.org/general/on-the-50th-anniversary-in-1995-the-prize-went-to-anti-nuclear-campaigner-joseph-rotblat-and-his-pugwash-group</link>
		<comments>http://www.venezuelacooperativa.org/general/on-the-50th-anniversary-in-1995-the-prize-went-to-anti-nuclear-campaigner-joseph-rotblat-and-his-pugwash-group#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 06 Sep 2010 16:10:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.venezuelacooperativa.org/general/on-the-50th-anniversary-in-1995-the-prize-went-to-anti-nuclear-campaigner-joseph-rotblat-and-his-pugwash-group</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[On the 50th anniversary, in 1995, the prize went to anti-nuclear campaigner Joseph Rotblat and his Pugwash group. &#8220;This is a message to all the people of the world: Do what you can to get rid of nuclear weapons,&#8221; said Nobel committee chairman Ole Danbolt Mjoes. &#8220;The people&#8217;s power is formidable.&#8221; The committee repeatedly has [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On the 50th anniversary, in 1995, the prize went to anti-nuclear campaigner Joseph Rotblat and his Pugwash group. &#8220;This is a message to all the people of the world: Do what you can to get rid of nuclear weapons,&#8221; said Nobel committee chairman Ole Danbolt Mjoes. &#8220;The people&#8217;s power is formidable.&#8221; The committee repeatedly has awarded its peace prize to anti-nuclear weapons campaigners on the major anniversaries of the 1945 atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. The Nobel Committee appeared to dismiss those concerns, recognizing the pair &#8220;for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way.&#8221; It said: &#8220;At a time when disarmament efforts appear deadlocked, when there is a danger that nuclear arms will spread both to states and to terrorist groups, and when nuclear power again appears to be playing an increasingly significant role, IAEA&#8217;s work is of incalculable importance.&#8221; ElBaradei and the agency had been among the favorites to win as speculation mounted that the Nobel committee would seek to honor the victims of nuclear weapons and those who try to contain their use. &#8220;The prize was given to someone who did not have success during the year,&#8221; he said. &#8220;We have to see the prize as, implicitly, an expression of hope that the Iran question can be solved within the IAEA.&#8221; Toennesson said it was a bold move for the committee to award the prize to the agency at a time when its members strongly disagree on how to handle Iran &#8220;The committee stuck its finger in a wasp&#8217;s nest,&#8221; he said. </p>
<p>&#8220;The award sends a very strong message: &#8216;Keep doing what you are doing, &#8220;&#8216; he told reporters. &#8220;We continue to believe that in all of our activities, we have to be impartial, objective and work with integrity.&#8221; Stein Toennesson, director of the Peace Research Institute-Oslo, said the prize was surprising given that the IAEA remains bogged down by Iran and that North Korea has said it has nuclear weapons. Just last month, the IAEA passed a resolution warning Iran it could be referred to the UN Security Council &#8211; a move that prompted Iran to threaten to resume uranium enrichment, block some inspections of its nuclear facilities and cut trade ties.<br />
 Speaking in Vienna, Austria, where the IAEA is based, ElBaradei said the award reaffirmed the agency&#8217;s efforts. Mohamed ElBaradei and the International Atomic Energy Agency that he heads won the 2005 Nobel Peace Prize today for their drive to curb the spread of atomic weapons despite lingering standoffs with Iran and North Korea. </p>
<p>ElBaradei, an Egyptian lawyer, has led the UN nuclear agency as it grapples with the crises in Iraq and ongoing efforts to prevent North Korea and Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons. He owned 50 properties.November 2004:A house belonging to loyalist paramilitary leader and drug dealer Jim Johnston, murdered by rivals, was sold for £410,000.. She was claiming income support.March 2005:A Co Antrim man had £5m in assets frozen after allegations of drug trafficking. They included two petrol stations, a house, an apartment and vehicles.September 2005:A woman who owned and rented 40 properties in Belfast had her assets frozen. </p>
<p>The battlefield has in effect shifted: now the tussle between the authorities and Slab Murphy is a financial rather than a military one.SeizuresSeptember 2005:Assets of £750,000 belonging to two brothers were seized in Newry, Co Down over cross-border fuel smuggling. Yet it seems that, as the process developed, his thinking evolved and he was in the end persuaded to go along with the IRA&#8217;s recent voluntary disarmament.But although the IRA&#8217;s violent campaign may be over, it seems that it retains its cash and property assets. Mr Murphy has been crucial to the peace process, in that he has always been regarded as a republican &#8220;soldier&#8221; who concentrated on financial and military matters and was uninterested in politics. Jim Gray, the loyalist leader who has just been shot dead, was involved in drugs, with a flamboyant lifestyle and a conspicuous wardrobe which earned him the nickname of Doris Day.Slab Murphy, by contrast, in person presents the image of an ordinary, not particularly well off farmer who spends most of his time mucking about on his farm. The belief is that he has been proficient in both financing the organisation and by separately making money for himself.The contrast between the two paramilitary figures who have been in the news this week could not be greater. </p>
<p>His crime was to testify before a Dublin jury, to tell the truth and point out that Thomas &#8216;Slab&#8217; Murphy was chief of staff of the IRA and a member of its army council.&#8221;Murphy himself is said to be a very wealthy man, owning large amounts of border land, but the assumption is that he has not grown rich by helping himself to IRA money. The newspaper won the case, exposing Mr Murphy to the full glare of recurring publicity. The defeat was an embarrassment to him, but he nonetheless went on to become IRA chief of staff in 1997, according to A Secret History of the IRA by the respected journalist Ed Moloney.He has been continually described as a member of the IRA&#8217;s ruling army council by Unionist MPs, including the former Ulster Unionist leader David Trimble, who have used parliamentary privilege to name him in the Commons.Dublin&#8217;s Justice Minister, Michael McDowell, made a similar statement in the Irish parliament earlier this year, referring to a man who had been killed near the border He said: &#8220;He knew he was a marked man. He thus operates in full view of two police forces, carrying out republican business even though his premises are assumed to be under intensive intelligence surveillance.His name has been known to the wider public since the 1980s, when he stepped from the shadows to sue The Sunday Times for labelling him a senior IRA member. We reckoned that whenever they were going very well it took five million a year to run the war.&#8221;The IRA&#8217;s finance department involves a number of people, but the authorities have always regarded Slab Murphy as its linchpin, calmly controlling a budget of millions from his farmastride the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic. According to a former senior member of the RUC Special Branch: &#8220;Money was always a wee bit of a problem &#8211; but never too much of a problem to them They always have been very good at concealing it. He was therefore at the heart of the IRA for decades, ensuring it had the money to maintain a campaign which was highly expensive. </p>
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		<title>Stag vice chairman Carol Bell said: We have said that there have to be bigger swingeing fines for companies and</title>
		<link>http://www.venezuelacooperativa.org/general/stag-vice-chairman-carol-bell-said-we-have-said-that-there-have-to-be-bigger-swingeing-fines-for-companies-and</link>
		<comments>http://www.venezuelacooperativa.org/general/stag-vice-chairman-carol-bell-said-we-have-said-that-there-have-to-be-bigger-swingeing-fines-for-companies-and#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 06 Sep 2010 16:10:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.venezuelacooperativa.org/general/stag-vice-chairman-carol-bell-said-we-have-said-that-there-have-to-be-bigger-swingeing-fines-for-companies-and</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Stag vice chairman Carol Bell said: &#8220;We have said that there have to be bigger, swingeing fines for companies and it&#8217;s good to see that there have been in this case.&#8221; Mrs Bell, who was injured in the 1997 Southall train crash which claimed seven lives, added: &#8220;There was a record fine (of £1.5 million [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Stag vice chairman Carol Bell said: &#8220;We have said that there have to be bigger, swingeing fines for companies and it&#8217;s good to see that there have been in this case.&#8221; Mrs Bell, who was injured in the 1997 Southall train crash which claimed seven lives, added: &#8220;There was a record fine (of £1.5 million for the Great Western train company) after Southall and I am pleased that much higher fines have now been handed out. The severity of the fines imposed today on Network Rail and Balfour Beatty over the Hatfield train crash were welcomed by the Safe Trains Action Group (Stag). Mr Justice Mackay said the failures affected a substantial part of a busy high speed line for 21 months. In evidence, some maintenance and track inspection practices were described as a Fred Karno circus and a shambles. The rail which broke &#8211; causing the train to fly off the track &#8211; had disintegrated. Defective monitoring meant it had been left virtually uninspected in the months before the crash. The prosecution maintained the derailment was an accident waiting to happen and occurred because of a cavalier approach to safety. </p>
<p>Four people died and 102 were injured when the King&#8217;s Cross to Leeds train came off the tracks at 115mph on October 17 2000. He said: &#8220;No one can predict the future, but the risks of such a tragedy had been reduced by the action of Network Rail. &#8220;The elimination of one of the indefensible features of the 1996 privatisation &#8211; the separation of the ownership and control of the track from its maintenance &#8211; is now gone. Perhaps that is one good thing resulting from this disastrous affair.&#8221; Network Rail was convicted of breaching the Health and Safety Act last month and Balfour Beatty had admitted the charge earlier. </p>
<p>Until today, the largest fine ever imposed in the English courts was £2 million on Thames Trains following the 1999 Paddington rail crash. The company had pleaded guilty to two health and safety charges. This summer gas utility company Transco was fined £15 million in Scotland after a leaking gas main led to an explosion that killed four members of a family. Sentencing them, Mr Justice Mackay &#8211; who has spent 30 years involved in similar cases &#8211; said he had guarded against over-reaction in sentencing. </p>
<p>&#8220;But I regard Balfour Beatty as one of the worst examples of industrial negligence in a high risk industry I have seen. &#8220;These were breaches of a general duty to the public at large. Something over three-quarters of a million passengers would have been put at risk by passing over this area &#8220;Both companies fell below appropriate standards. Balfour Beatty&#8217;s failure lay at the top of the scale.&#8221; Balfour Beatty is no longer in the business of railway maintenance as Network Rail has taken over from Railtrack and taken maintenance &#8220;in house&#8221;. </p>
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		<title>Thanks to the work of forensic scientists all three men are convicted of</title>
		<link>http://www.venezuelacooperativa.org/general/thanks-to-the-work-of-forensic-scientists-all-three-men-are-convicted-of</link>
		<comments>http://www.venezuelacooperativa.org/general/thanks-to-the-work-of-forensic-scientists-all-three-men-are-convicted-of#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 06 Sep 2010 16:10:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.venezuelacooperativa.org/general/thanks-to-the-work-of-forensic-scientists-all-three-men-are-convicted-of</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Thanks to the work of forensic scientists, all three men are convicted of the murder and sentenced to life imprisonment.This sounds, if I may be crass for a moment, like an episode of Silent Witness. A set of footprints left in the snow at the scene of the crime point to a pair of trainers [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks to the work of forensic scientists, all three men are convicted of the murder and sentenced to life imprisonment.This sounds, if I may be crass for a moment, like an episode of Silent Witness. A set of footprints left in the snow at the scene of the crime point to a pair of trainers belonging to the third man.Finally, DNA from skin scrapings found under the victim&#8217;s fingernails are matched to the original suspect using the national DNA database. In one of their homes, the forensics team find a pair of boots, covered in bloodstains matching the victim&#8217;s DNA profile.<br />
One of the men denies ownership of the boots, but flakes of skin recovered from inside one of them confirm that he is lying. A second scientist, an expert in tool marks, finds that damage to the locks of the stolen car was caused by the same screwdriver The evidence is mounting Two more men are arrested. When a man is arrested in connection with the attack, a forensic scientist examines his car, discovering a screwdriver with microscopic traces of the victim&#8217;s blood embedded between blade and handle. A father-of-two is stabbed in the head with a screwdriver as he tries to prevent thieves stealing his own father&#8217;s car </p>
<p> He later dies. Emma Simmons, 31, works as a group manager for biostatistics for the drug company Quintiles &#8220;There&#8217;s more to maths than just accountancy,&#8221; she says &#8220;Actuarial work sounded really dull, to be honest I wanted to use maths to help people.&#8221;. </p>
<p>The pharmaceutical industry is the biggest employer of medical statisticians in the country, and pays competitive industry wages while allowing you to make a difference You start on around £24,000 and can go on to earn much more. And helping your fellow man does not have to mean giving up a fat cheque at the end of the month. Everybody needs good data and help understanding it, and if data analysis is your thing you can make a big difference to people&#8217;s lives. You might help develop the drug that cures cancer or HIV, or work on industrial regulations that keep our air clear and our rivers clean. A career in statistics can mean more than becoming a number cruncher in the money markets. Stats surround us. </p>
<p>Every day, news reports and policy decisions are built on statistics, whether it&#8217;s data about climate change or the risks of new drugs and old bad habits. Then, on a scale of one to five rate the relationship and consider how much it needs to improve.Ask yourself, &#8220;In what ways can I work with this person to cultivate a more positive relationship? Do I need to develop conversations about what we are going to achieve together? Do I need to develop warmth by getting to know them? Do I need to be more challenging about shortfalls in performance?&#8221; The key question is, &#8220;How would we know if we were getting the most out of our working relationship? How would we feel and act?&#8221; And then look at why you&#8217;re not doing that.. People perform more effectively and feel happier.&#8221;You can improve your working relationships by identifying the five people who influence you and how you do your job, says Lee. There is much more of a human dimension to this phase and you gradually develop a warmth toward each other. But this doesn&#8217;t necessarily make for a strong relationship, warns Lee; there needs to be a make or break stage where the bond is tested.&#8221;That&#8217;s a crucial stage Working through differences is powerful. There&#8217;s a moment at the end of a difficult conversation when things will feel a bit fragile, but actually you have got to a more robust place. </p>
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		<title>It was the lack of sleep and the band&#8217;s success which led him to pack it in after a</title>
		<link>http://www.venezuelacooperativa.org/general/it-was-the-lack-of-sleep-and-the-bands-success-which-led-him-to-pack-it-in-after-a</link>
		<comments>http://www.venezuelacooperativa.org/general/it-was-the-lack-of-sleep-and-the-bands-success-which-led-him-to-pack-it-in-after-a#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 06 Sep 2010 16:10:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.venezuelacooperativa.org/general/it-was-the-lack-of-sleep-and-the-bands-success-which-led-him-to-pack-it-in-after-a</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It was the lack of sleep, and the band&#8217;s success, which led him to pack it in after a year.Perhaps his employers suspected he was not in it for the long haul They never ordered up a uniform for him. It worked out well: up at 4am, clock on at 5am, finish by lunch time. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It was the lack of sleep, and the band&#8217;s success, which led him to pack it in after a year.Perhaps his employers suspected he was not in it for the long haul They never ordered up a uniform for him. It worked out well: up at 4am, clock on at 5am, finish by lunch time. This left the afternoons free for band rehearsals and the evenings for gigs. Sometimes he never got to bed.&#8221;They were good, fine people there. You were left to yourself: you picked up your mail and went out with it. </p>
<p>It was much better than going into an office and being shouted at.&#8221;The dogs were the downside: he would just chuck the mail in their owner&#8217;s garden. &#8220;The Post Office was perfect for a struggling musician.&#8221; As a student he once had a Christmas job in the sorting office, where he used his considerable abilities to separate first from second-class letters.What he had now was the full Postman Pat scenario, without the van or the cat. The music business is not a level &#8211; or indeed a Leveller &#8211; playing field.&#8221;I did seasonal work, as a paddling-pool attendant and a sperm donor.&#8221;For the first occupation he fished out floating lumps of pooh and chased off video-camera-toting paedophiles.The second occupation was not in fact seasonal but twice-weekly (I told you he was a hard worker) and did not provide a full-time wage packet. For other people, it might count as hard labour, being stuck in a bus on foreign (this November) and domestic (September, October and December) tours, but for Jon it was the 1985-90 period he classifies as his &#8220;working and signing-on years&#8221;.&#8221;I never let myself believe that the band would actually take off,&#8221; he confessed. </p>
<p>We carried our Malibu (Jon) and wooden (me) surfboards up the beach and sat on a quiet dune.&#8221;I haven&#8217;t done a stroke of work since 1990,&#8221; he claimed This sounded odd. During our holiday he disappeared twice on gigs.The Levellers have always been known as a hardworking band. This year they released their 10th album, made their seventh appearance at Glastonbury and ran the third of their own Beautiful Days festivals &#8220;I don&#8217;t count our music as work,&#8221; he explained. (Indeed, a little-girl surfer did just that, as I took my eye off the swell.)<br />
Jon Sevink is the founder, fiddler and now also manager of the radical folk-rock band The Levellers.Finding myself recently on the same Cornish camp site and beach, I asked him to remind his forgetful uncle of the formative years in the job market during the lean, late Eighties before the band took off. </p>
<p>Well, you could have knocked me down with a polystyrene surfboard. &#8220;Sperm donor!&#8221; yelled my nephew through the foam of the Atlantic rollers. &#8220;Nope, they read it because it&#8217;s the best way of keeping up with the news, and the design helps them by not getting in the way.&#8221;. &#8220;Do people read the BBC news website because of the nice design?&#8221; asks Rob Manuel. If it&#8217;s for Adidas, it needs to embody the brand values of a pair of trainers.&#8221;Which is what web design of all kinds is about &#8211; communication. &#8220;The web is just a way of delivering creative ideas,&#8221; he says. &#8220;It&#8217;s about having a conversation with the consumer, how you engage with and entertain people. </p>
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		<title>The Department of Health estimates 5000 of the 35000 women diagnosed with breast cancer each year in the</title>
		<link>http://www.venezuelacooperativa.org/general/the-department-of-health-estimates-5000-of-the-35000-women-diagnosed-with-breast-cancer-each-year-in-the</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 06 Sep 2010 16:10:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.venezuelacooperativa.org/general/the-department-of-health-estimates-5000-of-the-35000-women-diagnosed-with-breast-cancer-each-year-in-the</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The Department of Health estimates 5,000 of the 35,000 women diagnosed with breast cancer each year in the UK could be treated.Roche, the company that makes Herceptin, has not yet applied for a licence for its use in early-stage breast cancer because it is still amassing the huge amount of data required by the authorities. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The Department of Health estimates 5,000 of the 35,000 women diagnosed with breast cancer each year in the UK could be treated.Roche, the company that makes Herceptin, has not yet applied for a licence for its use in early-stage breast cancer because it is still amassing the huge amount of data required by the authorities. It is administered nine to 12 months after diagnosis, surgery and chemotherapy.<br />
On Monday, Barbara Clark, a nurse with early-stage breast cancer, succeeded in her campaign to be treated with Herceptin by her local NHS trust. The same day, a report showed Britain has one of the worst records in Europe for treating people with cancer.But starting today, all women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer will be tested to see if their tumours carry a protein called HER2, which indicates whether a patient may benefit from Herceptin. Patricia Hewitt, the Secretary of State for Health, announced the move, expected to cost £100m a year, after criticism that life-saving drugs are being denied because of delays in the official approval process. Herceptin is available on the NHS only for women with advanced breast cancer, despite evidence that it can be effective for those diagnosed early. All women with early-stage breast cancer are to be tested to see if they are suitable for the drug Herceptin, the Government has ruled This could save the lives of 1,000 women a year. </p>
<p>The World Health Organisation warned in a report yesterday that the number of lives claimed by diabetes in the UK is set to grow by a quarter over the next decade, driven by rising obesity and inactivity.. Unlike other health threats, the death of tens of thousands of people is inevitable. Doctors describe it as a catastrophe waiting to happen. The accelerating rise in the number of people with diabetes threatens to overwhelm the NHS and could lead to the first reduction in life expectancy for more than 200 years. Specialists report increasing numbers of overweight teenagers turning up in diabetes clinics with a disease that a generation ago was confined to people over 40.. </p>
<p>One of the most alarming features is the growing number of children affected. A diet of fast foods, high in fats and calories, eaten by people who take the car rather than walk is to blame. The epidemics of obesity and Type II, or late-onset diabetes, are rising in parallel, driven by modern lifestyles. Millions of people now use alternative therapies in the UK and about half of GPs provide access to treatments.The Prince, who is a supporter of alternative medicine, has not had any involvement in the report since it was commissioned.Mr Smallwood is a former chief economics advisor to Barclays Bank.. It includes the views of health professionals and case studies where medicines have been used.Some mainstream therapies, such as osteopathy and acupuncture, could have a larger role in NHS care, the report will say.But the benefits of homeopathy, a system which uses natural ingredients to treat like with like, are more questionable.The demand for alternative therapies grows year on year. Patients with conditions such as back pain and stress can benefit from some of the alternative therapies, the report by economist Christopher Smallwood will say.<br />
But there is a shortage of treatments such as acupuncture and osteopathy in poor areas, it will say.The report, which Charles commissioned nine months ago, is an overview of available evidence about complementary therapies. </p>
<p>After the [previous] positive, I&#8217;ve got to be very careful &#8211; I can&#8217;t even take an orange juice.&#8221; A player who tests positive for a banned substance is not named until the tennis administrators decide a suspension is in order.. Complementary therapies should play a greater role in the NHS, a report commissioned by the Prince of Wales will say today. Guillermo Canas, Guillermo Coria and Juan Ignacio Chela served suspensions, and Martin Rodriguez was docked ATP points and prize-money.Puerta added: &#8220;Nobody from the ATP or ITF has called me. Five Argentinian players have failed drugs tests in the past five years. Puerta has previously served a nine-month drugs ban so he could face a life ban if the test is confirmed.&#8221;I&#8217;m really angry,&#8221; Puerta said &#8220;I&#8217;ve started investigations with my lawyers. There&#8217;s no truth in it.&#8221; Puerta, 26, was banned in 2003 when he tested positive for the anabolic steroid clenbuterol. </p>
<p>The French sports daily, L&#8217;Equipe, said the world No 10 provided a positive test for the stimulant etilefrine. If this week goes according to plan, I&#8217;ll be ready to do that in Vienna.&#8221;Mariano Puerta, of Argentina, who lost the French Open final to the Spanish teenager Rafael Nadal in June, denied yesterday that he tested positive for a banned substance at the tournament. Henman, who has not played since losing in the first round at the US Open in August, has accepted a wild card for the Vienna event &#8220;My back is getting better by the day,&#8221; Henman said. &#8220;If I really push myself this week and don&#8217;t suffer any adverse reaction, then I&#8217;m sure I&#8217;ll be ready to play.&#8221;The winner of the tournament in 2000, Henman is keen to return to action. </p>
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		<title>It&#8217;s difficult to avoid the conclusion that it&#8217;s part of a strategy to force colleges down a</title>
		<link>http://www.venezuelacooperativa.org/general/its-difficult-to-avoid-the-conclusion-that-its-part-of-a-strategy-to-force-colleges-down-a</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 06 Sep 2010 16:10:20 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[&#8220;It&#8217;s difficult to avoid the conclusion that it&#8217;s part of a strategy to force colleges down a vocational route.&#8221;At Labour&#8217;s conference in Brighton, the AoC organised a fringe debate on whether vocational qualifications are a likely stepping-stone to higher education. &#8220;The trouble is that they can afford to say it because there&#8217;s absolutely no chance [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;It&#8217;s difficult to avoid the conclusion that it&#8217;s part of a strategy to force colleges down a vocational route.&#8221;At Labour&#8217;s conference in Brighton, the AoC organised a fringe debate on whether vocational qualifications are a likely stepping-stone to higher education. &#8220;The trouble is that they can afford to say it because there&#8217;s absolutely no chance they will be in government for the next 10 years,&#8221; he adds. &#8220;That&#8217;s a shame for FE.&#8221;Pendle is more concerned by Labour&#8217;s rejection of the key recommendation made by Tomlinson and his suggestion that successful schools must be encouraged to open new sixth forms. &#8220;At the last election, they tried to make their policies more water-tight than in previous years.&#8221;According to Peter Pendle, the chief executive of the Association of College Management, Liberal Democrat statements on funding are music to the ears of colleges. &#8220;We have to find the money elsewhere in the budget,&#8221; he says.Chris Walden, the parliamentary officer at the Association of Colleges (AoC), says that, while Labour&#8217;s 2001 pledge to close the gap has started to appear &#8220;half-hearted&#8221;, the Liberal Democrats have now properly costed their spending commitments. A government statement on what ministers describe as &#8220;technical anomalies&#8221; is expected in a few months&#8217; time.Edward Davey, the Liberal Democrat education and skills spokesman, believes the funding gap could be closed within five years without taking money from schools. </p>
<p>They also remain the only major party committed to a 14-19 diploma, in line with the Tomlinson review.<br />
The Conservatives, having promised to abolish the Learning and Skills Council, have had the satisfaction of watching Labour slowly dismantling the bureaucratic post-16 funding system that was created four years ago.Since the election, a Learning and Skills Development Agency report has revealed that schools receive about 13 per cent more than FE colleges for teaching 16-19-year-olds. Five months after the general election, each of the main political parties appears to be sticking with the policies voters were offered in May. The Liberal Democrats reinforced their pledge to close the funding gap between colleges and school sixth-forms, although few people expect to be around to see them do it. While it would be stretching the truth to suggest that further education dominated this year&#8217;s party conferences, colleges have not been entirely forgotten by politicians. But he is living proof that you can mix and match qualifications to get into a leading university &#8211; from school-leaver at 16, to work-based learning, and finally to world-class graduate with distinction.That&#8217;s not a bad advertisement for any university.The writer is the chief executive of the Association of Colleges. The only secure economic future for Britain lies, he said, in &#8220;knowledge, skills, intelligence, the talents Britain has in abundance if only we set them free&#8221;.If that is to happen, then surely the onus is on the Government to keep its word on qualifications reform, to offer &#8220;high-quality, high-status vocational routes of learning that offer young people real choice and opportunity&#8221;.David Eaves had to put his qualifications together through his own endeavours in order to get to Cambridge. There are also huge issues about information, advice and guidance for young people, ensuring that the routes they are offered are not based on the presumption that academic equals able, vocational equals less able.In his speech to the Labour Party faithful in Brighton, Tony Blair warned us not to resist the force of globalisation, but to prepare for it. </p>
<p>We still face entrenched attitudes &#8211; the assumption that if you are studying for vocational qualifications, somehow you are less able. Professor Schwartz&#8217;s steering group also found that some higher education institutions in effect exclude learners with vocational and access qualifications.Universities must move with the times, but it is not as simple as converting a few admissions tutors in the hallowed halls. Despite growth in the number of students entering higher education with vocational qualifications, they feel disadvantaged, for several reasons, including a lack of confidence in the credibility of their qualification, partly due to difficulty in relating it to university entrance requirements. At the Labour Party conference, he contributed to an Association of Colleges debate, supporting the motion: &#8220;Should vocational qualifications take you to an ?te university?&#8221;He says that for certain subjects with a vocational element, there is no reason why a suitable vocational qualification should not be acceptable, allied if necessary with suitable academic qualifications.University admissions processes should seek to minimise barriers irrelevant to satisfying admissions requirements &#8211; including an applicant&#8217;s type of qualifications &#8211; according to recommendations on fair admissions by Professor Steven Schwartz, vice-chancellor of Brunel University. It has said it wants to encourage more applicants via the vocational route.Cambridge&#8217;s director of admissions, Dr Geoff Parkes, has allied himself to the cause. Since he graduated, the university has rightly celebrated his success by profiling him in its prospectus. He left comprehensive school at 16, trained as an apprentice engineer at a local firm and took an HNC, and took maths A-level by distance learning in his spare time.Cambridge accepted him, although he did not have the entry requirement of three A grades at A-level. </p>
<p>Last year, he graduated from the University of Cambridge with a distinction in engineering. Achievement aside, his case is notable because it represents a shift in attitude towards vocational qualifications by one of our top universities.David, from Blackpool, didn&#8217;t take the traditional A-level route. It&#8217;s precisely what is needed to describe, for example, the way that Darcy&#8217;s swim, as performed by Colin Firth, has become part of Pride and Prejudice in our heads.The writer&#8217;s &#8216;From Alien to the Matrix&#8217; is published by IB Tauris. Remember Laura Spence? Five years ago, a pupil at a state school, she found herself at the centre of a national row about the ?te universities&#8217; admissions policies. Despite being predicted for straight A A-levels, she was refused a place to read medicine at Magdalen College, Oxford. She went on to win a scholarship to study biochemistry at Harvard, leaving in her wake a continuing debate about fair admissions to higher education.<br />
Today, I can reveal another cause c?bre, although he&#8217;s unlikely to make headlines in the way Laura Spence did His name is David Eaves. </p>
<p>One of these terms, &#8220;fanon&#8221;, refers to the shared assumptions by fans that supplement the canon of a show or of an author&#8217;s work. As far as she can without contravening those laws, Pugh gives a solid idea of the merits of some writers in the five &#8220;fandoms&#8221; she covers.The Democratic Genre is a lively book which lovingly details fan writers&#8217; private language. Others, like Joss Whedon, Buffy&#8217;s creator, positively encourage it and occasionally make teasing allusions to it in their work. Much of the work is amateurish; a certain saving fragment is of a high standard, publishable save for the laws of copyright. Writers of &#8220;fanfic&#8221; have a gift relationship with each other in which you express your regard for stories not merely by reviews and e-mail comment, but by writing your own.Some writers dislike the idea of fan fiction (Anne Rice, for example), and it is perhaps only polite to respect their wishes. It became a way of understanding the show&#8217;s snappy dialogue, by writing my own, of bulldozing through a long-standing writer&#8217;s block, and of getting to know some interesting and accomplished work.Pugh&#8217;s determined avoidance of the sociology of fan fiction leads her to ignore one important aspect of the subculture. There is a whole world out there, in fanzines and on the net, of sequels to Jane Austen books, and of versions of Blake&#8217;s 7 in which the massacre of the cast with which the BBC ended the show&#8217;s run never happened, and of stories in which every possible sexual permutation of the minor characters of Buffy the Vampire Slayer is ingeniously worked through. </p>
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		<title>There&#8217;s no doubt that what Mozart achieved as a composer is remarkable: that he</title>
		<link>http://www.venezuelacooperativa.org/general/theres-no-doubt-that-what-mozart-achieved-as-a-composer-is-remarkable-that-he</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 05 Sep 2010 12:13:33 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[There&#8217;s no doubt that what Mozart achieved as a composer is remarkable: that he did so much of it on the road is extraordinary. Salzburg WHAT TO SEE The hugely popular Mozarts Geburtshaus (birthplace) is on one floor of this narrow terrace and houses a museum of the composer&#8217;s early life. WHAT TO HEAR The [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There&#8217;s no doubt that what Mozart achieved as a composer is remarkable: that he did so much of it on the road is extraordinary. Salzburg WHAT TO SEE The hugely popular Mozarts Geburtshaus (birthplace) is on one floor of this narrow terrace and houses a museum of the composer&#8217;s early life. WHAT TO HEAR The &#8216;Mozart Dinner Concert&#8217; is performed in historic costume at 8pm each evening at the Stiftskeller St Peter restaurant, accompanied by a three-course dinner. His Don Giovanni and Clemenza di Tito were both commissioned for the National Theatre, and he visited the city three times, always delighted with the reception he received. After two more trips to Italy, a 14-month round trip to Paris, Mozart achieved his ambition of moving to the Vienna of Joseph II, the centre of music-making in the German-speaking world. Vienna became his home, especially after his marriage to Constanze Weber in 1782. His travels thereafter were less scattershot: a trip to Berlin in the company of Prince Karl Lichnowsky where he managed to secure 12 commissions and wrote to Constanze from the Tiergarten: &#8220;I lunched in an inn in the park all by myself in order to devote myself wholly to you.&#8221; Towards the end of his brief life, Prague became very important for Mozart. </p>
<p>&#8220;I really like Venice,&#8221; wrote the excitable young Mozart to his mother. All this travelling was expensive, especially as Leopold was determined to make a good impression among would-be patrons. He hired carriages and ensured that father and son were turned out well enough to dine with aristocrats and royalty. Commissions and concerts financed their travels and Leopold frequently wrote home that the whole publicity tour was proving too costly. When the family reached Amsterdam there was nearly a nasty moment when it was discovered that all public concerts were prohibited during Lent. </p>
<p>Fortunately, a dispensation was made for Mozart because the city fathers judged that this &#8220;wonder&#8221; &#8220;served God&#8217;s praise&#8221;. The money was greatly needed as Leopold had to buy the pair of them new coats. Amsterdam was freezing and the family&#8217;s furs had been sent ahead to Paris Lost luggage was a problem then as now Inevitably word got around about the boy Mozart. Passing through Lausanne in 1766, Leopold was met by servants of Prince Ludwig von Wurttemberg who asked them to give a concert. </p>
<p>In the event, Mozart gave two concerts and was commissioned to write three flute solos for the prince. Unfortunately, like many of the pieces he wrote on the road, these were lost in transit. When he wasn&#8217;t composing, Mozart occupied himself learning the languages of places they passed through. He came back from his travels with a staggering total of 15 under his belt. For a month father and son mingled with the masquers who thronged St Mark&#8217;s Square at night. The Mozarts had the good fortune to arrive in Venice during Carnival. After hearing Allegri&#8217;s nine-part Miserere, the 14-year-old transcribed the piece from memory. </p>
<p>By law he should have been excommunicated for breaching the Vatican&#8217;s copyright rules but instead Pope Clement awarded Mozart the Order of the Golden Spur. In Bologna, they visited the celebrated castrato Farinelli on his estate. In Florence, Mozart wrote home that he was suffering travel fatigue because he had seen &#8220;everything there is to see&#8221;, but in Rome he was delighted by his visit to the Sistine Chapel. After a brief return to Salzburg &#8211; just long enough to placate the archbishop, who must have been wondering where his court organist had got to &#8211; Mozart and his father were off again, first to Vienna and then, in 1769, on their first Italian trip, which lasted 14 months. </p>
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		<title>This book &#8211; in which Leo Hickman gets ethically audited by three experts and tries to</title>
		<link>http://www.venezuelacooperativa.org/general/this-book-in-which-leo-hickman-gets-ethically-audited-by-three-experts-and-tries-to</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 05 Sep 2010 12:13:33 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[This book &#8211; in which Leo Hickman gets &#8220;ethically audited&#8221; by three experts and tries to follow their advice for the year &#8211; actually seems unique in that there are not a clutch of banal jokes on every page, and not everyone the author meets is a hilarious nutter. These excellent stories share an edginess [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This book &#8211; in which Leo Hickman gets &#8220;ethically audited&#8221; by three experts and tries to follow their advice for the year &#8211; actually seems unique in that there are not a clutch of banal jokes on every page, and not everyone the author meets is a hilarious nutter. These excellent stories share an edginess that&#8217;s quite distinct from the quirkiness many contemporary English writers prefer to celebrate.A Life Stripped Bare, by Leo Hickman (EDEN/GUARDIAN £7.99) How grim it is when a journalist decides to do something unusual for a day/week/year and then write about it Well, usually, anyway. When her husband complains that he is not able to protect them, she rounds on him: &#8220;Did it ever occur to you that in my whole life I&#8217;ve never been able to take care of matters and make decisions about things that are important?&#8221; The editor&#8217;s own offering, &#8220;Transit&#8221;, tells how a young autistic girl speaks for the first time in 14 years and persuades a drunken hellraiser to help her steal some dolphins. At night she runs with wolves, by day she plays the part of a devoted wife. It&#8217;s an eerie tale with an unexpected ending.<br />
Tove Jansson is best known for her Moomintroll stories, but her piece here is definitely for adults. Following an unspecified disaster, a wife &#8220;shops&#8221; for her injured husband by climbing through shattered windows and looking for food among the wreckage inside. </p>
<p>Aalo, a woodsman&#8217;s wife, hears someone call to her while she is watching a wolf hunt. Later, she can&#8217;t resist an urge to join the wolves in the forest and becomes a werewolf. &#8220;Wolf Bride&#8221;, by Aino Kallas, is set in the mid-17th century. As Sinisalo explains, Finland is a sparsely populated country with enough room for its citizens to form close ties with nature; and, throughout its history, the country has been torn between the empires of Sweden and Russia, both of which took their turn to dictate the language in which fiction was written. The Dedalus Book of Finnish Fantasy, ed Johanna Sinisalo (SERPENT&#8217;S TAIL £7.99) </p>
<p> These stories have two common denominators: nature and war. The fruit&#8217;s story turns out to be a gripping tale of sex, (imperial) violence and anxieties about status It is hard to imagine it better told.. An advertisement from the 1930s promises that a wife could make her man &#8220;smack his lips in real he-man enjoyment&#8221; &#8211; by baking him a pineapple pie. </p>
<p>It is a pity she tells us almost nothing about what the fruit means to her, but she makes very clear how its history has reflected changing attitudes to women. In 1702, a monk linked the pineapple with the Virgin Mary through a ridiculous interpretation of the Caribbean word ananas. Charles Lamb in 1821 warned that the fruit, &#8220;too ravishing for mortal taste&#8221;, &#8220;woundeth and excoriateth the lips that approach &#8211; like lovers&#8217; kisses she biteth&#8221;. And even in the 1920s a society hostess declared that a really grand dinner required the presence of both a pineapple and Lady Curzon.Beauman, according to the publisher&#8217;s website, has a pineapple tattoo. Yet it is stuffed with astonishing, tirelessly researched and skilfully presented information about everything from the design of pineries to Victorian costermongers, from early gardening weeklies to the marketing of Hawaii.Beauman&#8217;s claims about the pineapple&#8217;s significance are well illustrated. The fruit was a key symbol of the privileges of the upper classes for late-18th-century radicals and for Russian revolutionaries &#8220;Pineapple heat&#8221; became a standard marking on thermometers. Each cost about the price of a new coach and demanded three years of &#8220;incredibly hard work for some unfortunate garden boy &#8211; stoking the stoves, raking the manure, even sleeping among the plants to make sure they did not burst into flames by mistake&#8221;.The book includes a few facile contemporary parallels &#8211; was the pineapple really the Prada handbag of its day? &#8211; and moments when the pineapple-centric view of the world becomes faintly absurd (&#8220;war had historically signified trouble for the home-grown pineapple&#8221;). </p>
<p>He also commissioned a portrait of himself being presented by the royal gardener with &#8220;the first pineapple raised in England&#8221;. At that moment, argues Beauman, it became a significant symbol of status.<br />
At the heart of her book is a vivid account of how, from about the 1720s, the home-grown fruit became the ultimate country house status symbol &#8211; due to the expense and sheer perverse ingenuity required to produce pineapples in England and later in America. It also soon acquired an exotic image from its strange shape and links with the supposed Edenic innocence of the New World. Charles II served the fruit at a banquet in honour of the French ambassador in 1668 &#8211; both because of its rarity value and because it made an implicit statement about English ascendancy in the West Indies. It proved useful aboard ship as an antidote to scurvy and because its acidic juice could help scrub down the deck. The pineapple was discovered in Brazil on Columbus&#8217;s second voyage of 1493. This rich and lively biography explores how the fruit has constantly been reinvented in response to changing notions of empire and exoticism, style, status and even sexual politics. </p>
<p>In 1947, the government of Australia sent the future Queen Elizabeth a wedding present &#8211; 500 cases of canned pineapple. Although it now beggars belief, &#8220;the king of fruits&#8221; must then have seemed like a classy gift for royalty. Three decades later, writes Fran Beauman, Mike Leigh&#8217;s play Abigail&#8217;s Party dealt &#8220;perceptions of pineapple chunks a devastating blow&#8221; as its hostess from hell tries desperately to impress her neighbours with &#8220;dainty&#8221; cheese and pineapple on sticks. Sounds a bit dry, but I think it&#8217;s one of the spinal, arterial flows within me,&#8221; he grins and looks up and there&#8217;s that expression again, one Herg?ould have penned: the enthused glee of the intrepid cub reporter sending despatches from distant climes.&#8217;The Ice Soldier&#8217; by Paul Watkins is published on 19 January by Faber (£12.99). &#8220;It&#8217;s set partly just before and then after that book and is really about the whole idea of what getting involved with the profession of writing means, what you think it&#8217;s going to be like and then what it really is like. The introspection evident in The Ice Soldier is set to continue with his next book, a follow-up to Stand Before Your God. It&#8217;s not the kind of lesson you get in an average inner-city comprehensive Teaching history is, he asserts, &#8220;simply telling stories&#8221;. </p>
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		<title>They could be chalk and camembert</title>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 05 Sep 2010 12:13:29 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[They could be chalk and camembert. The Tongan and almost everybody else were ecstatic until they discovered that White had judged that the scoring pass from Shane Drahm was forward The anti-climax was almost tangible. This tense Celtic League win was barely over when the Scarlets&#8217; chief executive Stuart Gallacher announced Jones will return from [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>They could be chalk and camembert. The Tongan and almost everybody else were ecstatic until they discovered that White had judged that the scoring pass from Shane Drahm was forward The anti-climax was almost tangible. This tense Celtic League win was barely over when the Scarlets&#8217; chief executive Stuart Gallacher announced Jones will return from Clermont Auvergne in June on a two-year contract that includes an option for a third.. Chris White is regarded as one of the best referees in the world and yesterday he made one of the bravest decisions of his career. With less than a minute left on the clock a capacity crowd at Sixways were beginning to celebrate a famous victory as Aisea Havili dived over in the right-hand corner. </p>
<p>It will be a curtain raiser to the ?te event, between the winners of the Leicester-Wasps and Bath-Llanelli semi-finals, so whatever your view of the argument, a good day is in store.. There was some good news for Llanelli Scarlets fans to savour last night &#8211; the impending return of Stephen Jones from France, which will bring back some sanity after a strange week. As a result Quins are one match away from the final of the Powergen National Trophy across the road at HQ on 8 April. Which is what Albion made a decent fist of without seriously threatening Harlequins&#8217; perfect record of 17 wins out of 17 this season. </p>
<p>Last summer the 12 Premiership clubs hijacked the Powergen Cup for themselves and the Welsh regions, leaving the 1,700 or so other sides in England to aspire to no higher a feat of giant-killing than tilting at the top team in National League One. Graeme Morrison and Craig Hamilton ran in the visitors&#8217; tries, both converted by Parks.. Welcome to the trophy for the disenfranchised; the cup for the hoi polloi. For the one certainty is that 2012 cannot afford to be a no Coe area.. Third-placed Ulster secured a dramatic 25-23 Celtic League win over Glasgow at Ravenhill when the veteran Ireland fly-half David Humphreys capped a virtuoso performance by landing a 40-metre penalty &#8211; his sixth in all &#8211; four minutes into injury time. Two minutes earlier, Dan Parks&#8217; third successful penalty looked to a have sealed victory for Glasgow. Humphreys, linked recently to Western Stormers, scored all Ulster&#8217;s points, including a 70-metre solo try and a conversion, and overtook Gavin Henson to become the competition&#8217;s top scorer with 522 points. </p>
<p>Whoever gets the six-figure job should beware of treading on his lordship&#8217;s toes. Part of the brief is &#8220;maintaining an overview of the Olympic Games&#8221;. If so, she would want to move with it.Coe has maintained an excellent rapport with Westminster and will hope this can be retained when Brown takes over from Tony Blair, of whom Coe says: &#8220;We may have been political adversaries but no one has greater admiration than me for the support he gave the bid, and his magnificent efforts in Singapore.&#8221;The danger is that parsimonious Brown, having already hitched his wagon to a potentially less expensive football World Cup bid, may consider the cost of the Games outweighs any advantages and insist on a more austere Olympics than either Coe or the IOC envisage.Like Coe&#8217;s own appointment of multimillionaire banker Paul Deighton as Locog&#8217;s chief executive, the impending hiring of a director of programme support for the Olympic board by the DCMS is critical. Jowell is concerned that responsibility will be moved from her DCMS, where it sits uneasily, to the Deputy Prime Minister&#8217;s office, where there is more financial clout. While cosying up to her putative boss, has the head Blair babe taken her eye off the Olympic ball and let her civil servants do their Bruce Forsyth impression?So who really is in charge? A meeting to be chaired by the Foreign Secretary, Jack Straw, this month will look at restructuring the way the Games are overseen in Whitehall. They should stop picking fights with the BOA, and get on in a cross-party fashion and deliver this wonderful opportunity for the nation.&#8221;Jowell&#8217;s ill-conceived suggestion that only those who have podium prospects in 2012 should receive Government funding did not help, alarming huge elements in sport, as did the Chancellor&#8217;s failure to cough up the £350 million funding package requested by both the BOA and UK Sport. </p>
<p>It is believed this will eventually be delivered, but was delayed to show Moynihan who was boss. &#8220;A piece of political spite,&#8221; said one senior sports figure.Surely not? But Brown playing Scrooge at Christmas could prove costly in terms of early preparation and there was disappointment that Jowell, who did such a decent job in getting the Government to back the bid, was not similarly persuasive in making Brown back those who will take part. There are also clearly tensions between Richard Caborn [Sports Minister] and Tessa Jowell [Olympics Minister], which is symptomatic of the pressures that are there at the moment.&#8221;Since last July, Government ministers have been fighting like ferrets in a sack over who controls the Olympics. It is an open secret that there are huge tensions in Government about where res-ponsibility for the Olympics lies and who should be running things. When it comes to organising an Olympics, there is no such thing as plain sailing.London 2012 seems to be torn between two squabbles: which Government department is responsible for the Games, and the spat between Brown and the British Olympic Association, whose election as chairman of Lord Colin Moynihan, a former Tory sports minister, the Government desperately attempted to thwart, as revealed by this newspaper.Hugh Robertson, the opposition spokesman for sport and the Olympics, told The Independent on Sunday: &#8220;The Government is clearly paranoid about Tory links to 2012. Yet I wrote before the vote that if London won, there would be those in Westminster and Whitehall who would be holding their heads in their hands and muttering: &#8220;Oh my God, what have we let ourselves in for?&#8221; It seems this may have come to pass, and that Chancellor Gordon Brown is one of them.Coe&#8217;s deputy, the estimable and also knighted Sir Keith Mills, an experienced yachtsman, will testify as Locog move into their new permanent headquarters in London&#8217;s Docklands tomorrow that there are stormy waters to be navigated between now and 2012. That is why the Government should keep Seb sweet.With six-and-a-half years to go, London is already well ahead of the Games &#8211; perhaps more than any past host city &#8211; thanks to both Coe&#8217;s team and the Government hitting the ground running after the Singapore vote on 6 July. </p>
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		<title>Meanwhile the system has been continuously refined so that now federal expenditure in individual</title>
		<link>http://www.venezuelacooperativa.org/general/meanwhile-the-system-has-been-continuously-refined-so-that-now-federal-expenditure-in-individual</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 04 Sep 2010 12:06:26 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[Meanwhile the system has been continuously refined so that now federal expenditure in individual districts and states is secured by &#8220;earmarking&#8221; major spending projects with special requests. There were 15,000 earmarks last year, up from 1,200 10 years ago. And this trend has, in turn, led to dramatic cases of political corruption that are now [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Meanwhile the system has been continuously refined so that now federal expenditure in individual districts and states is secured by &#8220;earmarking&#8221; major spending projects with special requests. There were 15,000 earmarks last year, up from 1,200 10 years ago. And this trend has, in turn, led to dramatic cases of political corruption that are now beginning to come in front of the courts.The first big one of the current series reached a conclusion on Friday when Randy Cunningham, who sat for the northern suburbs of San Diego in the House of Representatives for eight terms, was given a long prison sentence for taking bribes from military contractors. He used a &#8220;bribe menu&#8221; which itemised degrees of influence and their cost. </p>
<p>A military contractor could buy favours from Mr Cunningham in exchange for, say, a sports utility vehicle.In France, a new film, L&#8217;Ivresse du Pouvoir (&#8220;The Intoxication of Power&#8221;) by Claude Chabrol, with Isabelle Huppert in the role of an examining magistrate, is essentially an account of the Elf scandal (in which the former Foreign Minister, Roland Dumas, was implicated) with all the names transposed and a light fictional veneer applied. So emphatically does the magistrate always address the corrupt patron in the affair as Monsieur le President, curling her upper lip as she pronounces the title, that audiences are led ineluctably to think of Jacques Chirac and what may await him when he leaves the Elys?and the legal immunity which his office provides.What keeps the British political system relatively uncorrupt is that the structure of British politics, whatever its faults, doesn&#8217;t encourage corruption. A drawback, for instance, to the admirable French arrangements, which allow an easy interchange of senior people between business and politics, is that this very familiarity can lead to cosy deals. And the British system is also clean precisely because we become so heated over the slightest infractions of the rules. Here, led by a persecuting press, the Augean stables are swept out every day </p>
<p> More from Andreas Whittam Smith. I think we should pay a swift return visit to the United Deities today. </p>
<p>The assembled gods up in heaven do not often bother to deal with British affairs, but just at the moment we are privileged to be on their agenda So let us eavesdrop on the minutes of the latest session </p>
<p> 1. The chairgod said there had been an interesting addition to the agenda under Any Other Divine Business, namely, a challenge made to the gods by the British Prime Minister, Mr Tony Blair.<br />
2. As those present would know, there had recently been an invasion of the ancient country of Iraq by an American army, with help from the British, which had been very controversial on Earth.3. When asked if the invasion was justified, Mr Blair had said recently that God would be the judge of that.4. The chairgod wanted to know if any god present had in fact agreed to be the judge of that, and if so, whether he had come to a decision yet. Perhaps Mr Blair might wish to know the judgement while he was still alive (Laughter)5. </p>
<p>The Anglican God said he was somewhat startled to find anyone suggesting that gods should judge wars. Was it really up to the gods to decide whether a war had been successful or not?6. The chairgod said the question was not whether it had been successful or not, but whether it was right or wrong.7 Same thing, said Zeus.8. The Sumerian god Enlil asked here if he might make a contribution. He had not spoken at one of these meetings before, but as he was one of the earliest gods in charge of Iraq, or Mesopotamia, as it used to be called in his day, he felt he should make a contribution.9. The chairgod said that everyone would be delighted to hear from him.10. Enlil said that right from the earliest days, Mesopotamia had been subject to invasions, wars, battles and mighty struggles. </p>
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